The solar panel works with the conversion of sunlight in the form of electrical energy based on the process known as the photovoltaic effect. Some of the clarification on how solar panels works are as follow:
• Semiconductors and Photons
Solar panels develop from solar cells, that are mainly composing of different semiconductor materials like silicon. Whenever sun rays photons hit the surface of the panel, they convert their energy to electrons.
• Electrons excitation
The photon’s energy excites the electrons in the semiconductors, leading them to break free from their atoms. This led to the creation of electron-hole pairs, where electrons move freely & develop an electric current.
• Electric field & electrons flow
The electric field of semiconductors acts as a diode & allows electrons to move in a specific direction. Then, the electric field splits electron-hole pairs & develops a potential difference between the bottom and top layers of the solar cells.
• Current collection
The bottom and top layers of solar cells are connects through metal contacts. whenever the electrons flow in the direction of the metal contacts, they develop an electric current that can be harnessed for different applications.
• Wiring & Output
Various solar cells are connected with the electrical wiring in parallel or series to develop a solar panel. Such panels are then connected with the electrical wiring to develop a solar array. The electricity generated by solar arrays uses for various power appliances, charged batteries, or fed to the electrical grid.
Do remember that, solar panels need direct sunlight to work at maximum efficiency. Different factors such as cloud cover, shading, panels angle & orientation will affect the performance of panels.
Additionally, other appliances such as charge controllers, & inverters might be require to convert as well as regulate the electrical energy for certain applications or to store the additional amount of energy in batteries.
If you are planning for the solar panel installation, just contact Dharabijuli Services.
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